So according to Kernberg's hierarchy, psychopathy trumps malignant narcissism as a more extreme form of pathological narcissism. Cleckley's antisocial character (what is now referred to as psychopathy or antisocial personality) at the high end of severity, through malignant narcissism, and then to narcissistic personality disorder at the low end. Kernberg believed that malignant narcissism should be considered part of a spectrum of pathological narcissism, which he saw as ranging from Hervey M. Scott Peck uses malignant narcissism as a way to explain evil. Pollock wrote in 1978: "The malignant narcissist is presented as pathologically grandiose, lacking in conscience and behavioral regulation with characteristic demonstrations of joyful cruelty and sadism". Other symptoms may include an absence of conscience, a psychological need for power, and a sense of importance ( grandiosity). Kernberg described malignant narcissism as a syndrome characterized by a narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), antisocial features, paranoid traits, and egosyntonic aggression. So far it has not been accepted in any of the medical manuals, such as the ICD-10 or the DSM-5. Kernberg first proposed malignant narcissism as a psychiatric diagnosis in 1984. In his article, "malignant narcissism" and psychopathy are employed interchangeably. Malignant narcissism includes a sadistic element creating, in essence, a sadistic psychopath. ĭeveloping these ideas further, Kernberg pointed out that the antisocial personality was fundamentally narcissistic and without morality. In Kernberg's 1968 paper, first published in 1970 in the Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association (JAPA), the word 'malignant' does not appear once, while 'pathological' or 'pathologically' appears 25 times. Kernberg's paper was first published in hard copy on 1 January 1970. On, psychoanalyst Otto Kernberg presented his paper Factors in the psychoanalytic treatment of narcissistic personalities, from the work of the Psychotherapy Research Project of The Menninger Foundation, at the 55th Annual Meeting of the American Psychoanalytic Association in Boston. Edith Weigert (1967) saw malignant narcissism as a "regressive escape from frustration by distortion and denial of reality", while Herbert Rosenfeld (1971) described it as "a disturbing form of narcissistic personality where grandiosity is built around aggression and the destructive aspects of the self become idealized." He characterized the condition as "the most severe pathology and the root of the most vicious destructiveness and inhumanity". The social psychologist Erich Fromm first coined the term "malignant narcissism" in 1964, describing it as a "severe mental sickness" representing "the quintessence of evil". Because a malignant narcissist's personality cannot tolerate any criticism, being mocked typically causes paranoia. A person with malignant narcissism exhibits paranoia in addition to the symptoms of a Narcissistic Personality Disorder. The importance of malignant narcissism and of projection as a defense mechanism has been confirmed in paranoia, as well as "the patient's vulnerability to malignant narcissistic regression". Malignant narcissism could include aspects of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) alongside a mix of antisocial, paranoid and sadistic personality disorder traits. Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-IV-TR), while malignant narcissism is not. Malignant narcissism is not a diagnostic category, but a subcategory of narcissism. Grandiose, and always ready to raise hostility levels, the malignant narcissist undermines families and organizations in which they are involved, and dehumanizes the people with whom they associate. Malignant narcissism is a psychological syndrome comprising an extreme mix of narcissism, antisocial behavior, aggression, and sadism. WikiProject Psychiatry or WikiProject Psychology may be able to help recruit an expert. The specific problem is: that the narrative (below) is confusing and misleading and does not address the fundamental elements of the subject. This article needs attention from an expert in Psychiatry or Psychology.
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